Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women. It is associated with a number of symptoms that vary depending person to person across a spectrum of severity. One of the most commonly reported symptoms associated with PCOS is mood swings.
If you have been diagnosed with PCOS, or you are questioning whether you have it, you may have experienced these dramatic mood swings. Here’s why they happen and what you can do about it.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a hormone disorder. According to research, it affects up to 26.7 percent of fertile women, with up to 70 percent of whom are not aware of their condition.
PCOS is a syndrome, which refers to a group of symptoms that affect the ovaries and the process of ovulation. PCOS is characterized by:
- High levels of male hormones: androgen and testosterone, creating a hormonal imbalance
- Ovarian cysts
- Irregular or absence of periods
The cysts that grow in the ovaries in PCOS each contain an egg, but they are not able to trigger ovulation. Due to this, the levels of menstrual hormones are affected: estrogen and progesterone are very low, while androgen levels are higher.
What causes PCOS?
There are a number of causes that are linked to PCOS:
- Insulin resistance – up to 70 percent of women with PCOS are insulin resistant. When insulin is not able to do its job, it increases, which can trigger the production of testosterone.
- Chronic low-grade inflammation – inflammation triggers male hormones, and is responsible for ovarian dysfunction.
- High levels of body fat – insulin resistance, inflammation and body fat are all connected. A study found that excess abdominal adiposity (fat) increases inflammation and can cause hormonal imbalance. Obesity is present in up to 64 percent of women with PCOS.
- Genetics – PCOS can be hereditary.
If you have one or more of these factors and are experiencing symptoms, you may have PCOS.
What causes PCOS mood swings?
As I’m sure you know by now – the mind and body are closely connected. If something is going on in your body, it’s most likely going to impact your mental state, especially if this is mediated by hormones.
The hormonal imbalance and fluctuations present in PCOS can cause extreme mood swings. Your hormones are closely connected to how you feel, so if they aren’t functioning properly, they will impact your mood. That’s why women with PCOS are three times more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
High insulin levels are one of the most common traits in women with PCOS. Insulin resistance is associated with higher levels of mental health disorders, specifically anxiety and depression.
Similarly, studies show that PCOS sufferers have lower levels of certain neurotransmitters – specifically serotonin and dopamine, two feel-good chemicals. This is likely due to hormonal imbalance. This can manifest as mood swings and sadness.
As well as hormonal fluctuations, the inflammation that is often the cause of PCOS can also interrupt cognitive function and increase cortisol levels – the stress hormone. Over time, this can impact emotional regulation and present as depression.
What can you do?
If you are experiencing mood swings due to PCOS, here’s what you can do:
- Regular exercise
- Improve diet – cut out sugar and refined carbs, which increase insulin levels
- Supplement with omega-3 and vitamin D – studies have shown these supplements can alleviate depression and anxiety in PCOS sufferers
- Mindfulness activities – mediation, yoga, acupuncture
- Social bonds – spent time cultivating relationships with important people in your life
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